ANALISIS LINGKUNGAN PENGENDAPAN BATUAN BERUMUR JURA DI KEPULAUAN MISOOL, PAPUA BERDASARKAN FOSIL MAKRO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v20i5.176Abstract
Paleoecological analysis and depositional history of the marine Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, Toarcian - Early Berriasian, strata cropped out at the southeast coast and the islets of Misool are discussed. The macrofossil fauna subdivides the stratigraphy of the areas into 4 assemblages. In stratigraphic ascending order these are 1. Bivalve - Ammonite Assemblage with a Bositra ornate, 2. Belemnite – Bivalve Assemblage 3. Ammonite – Bivalve - Belemnite Assemblage and 4. Bivalve - Ammonite- Belemnite Assemblage.
Bivalves occur in the whole section of Toarcian - Berriasian, while belemnite made its first appearance in the Early Callovian time and continued to the Cretaceous. The Ammonite plays an important role and is presented only in Assemblages 1, 3 and 4.
The paleoenvirontmental deposition of the Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of the Misool Archipelago was likely related to a continental shelf and continental slope of low energy. The presence of a Bositra ornati Sub-assemblage indicates a restricted basinal anoxic condition for a short period in the Aalenian Stage. PaleogeographIcally, the Misool Archipelago in the Jurassic time was likely located at the northern margin of the Gondwana land or at the southern coast of the Tethyan Sea.
Keywords : Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Toarcian, Early Barriasian, Misool
Downloads
References
Arkell, W.L. 1956. Jurassic Geology of the World. Oliver & Boyd, Edinburgh and London
Audley-Charles, M.G. 1988. Evolution of the southern margin of Tethys (North Australian region) from early Permian to early Cretaceous. In Gondwana and Tethys. (Ed. Audley- Charles, M.G. and Hallam, A.) Geol.Soc.Publ. 7:79-100.
Bemmelen, R.W. van 1949. The Geology of Indonesia. Govt. Print. Office, The Hague : 732 p.
Birkelund, T. 1973. Mesozoic geology of East Greenland- summary. In Arctic geology, M.G. Pitcher, ed., American Associationof Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, Oklahoma,149.
Boehm, G. 1901. Aus den Molukken. Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 51: 4-10.
Boehm, G., 1904a – Die Südküsten der Sula-Inseln Taliabu und Mangoli. 1. Grenzscichten Zwischen Jura und Kreide. Paläontogr. Suppl. 4:1-46, 7 Taf., 17 Textfigs.
Boehm, G. 1904b. Geologische Ergebnisse einer Reise in den Molukken. Comp. Rend. 9 Cong. Internat. Vienna 1903, 657-662.
Boehm, G. 1910. Zur Geologie des Indo- Australischen Archipels. Nachtrag 5. Zur Kenn. Der Sudkuste von Misool. Centrabl. Min. Geol. Palaeont. 7 : 197- 209.
Challinor, A.B. 1989a. The succession of Belemnopsis in the late Jurassic of Eastern Indonesia. Paleont. 32(3) : 571- 596.
Challinor, A.B. 1989b. Jurassic and Cretaceous Belemnitida of Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Spec. Publ.9.
Challinor, A.B. 1990. A belemnite biozonation for the Jurassic- Cretaceous of Papua New Guinea an a faunal comparison with eastern Indonesia. BMR J. Aust. Geol. Geophys., 11: 429-447
Challinor, A.B. 1991. Revision on the belemnites of Misool and a review of the belemnites of Indonesia. Paleontogr. Abt. A 218 : 87-164.
Challinor, A.B. dan Skwarko, S.K.. 1982. Jurassic belemnites from Sula Islands, Mollucas, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Pal. Ser. 3.
Clausen, C. K. dan Wignall, P. B.. 1990. Early Kimmeridgian bivalves of southern England. Mesozoic Res. 2 (3) : 97-149.
Cox, L., N.D. Newell, Boyd, D.W., Branson, C.C., Casey, R,. Chavan, A,. Coogan, A.H., Deschaseaux, C., Fleming, C.A., Haas, F., Hertlein, L.G., Kauffman, E.G., Keen, A.M., Larocque, A., McAlester, A.L., Moore, R.C., Nuttall, C.P., Parkins, B.F., Puri, H.S., Smith, L.A., Soot- Ryen, T., Stenzel, E.R., Trueman, Turner, R.D. dan Weir, J. 1969. Pt. N. Mollusca 6 Bivalvia. In : “ Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontologyâ€, Lawrence, Kansas, Univ. Kansas Print. Service, N1- N952.
Duff, K.L. 1975. Palaeoecology of a bituminous shale. The Lower Oxford Clay of Central England. Paleontology 18 : 443- 482.
Duff. K. L. 1978. Bivalvia from the English Lower Oxford Clay (Middle Jurassic). Palaeotogr. Soc. Monogr. : 1- 137.
Fleming, C.A. 1958. Upper Jurassic fossils and hydrocarbon traces from the Cheviot Hills, north Canterbury. N.Z.J. Geol. Geophys. 2 (5) : 889- 904.
Fleming, C.A. 1960. The Upper Jurassic sequence of Kawhia, New Zealand, with reference to the ages of some Tethyanguide fossils. Int. Geol. Congr. Rept. XXI Sess. Norden, Pt. XXI Other Subjects. Copenhagen: 261- 269.
Froidevaux, C.M. 1974. Geology of Misool Island (Irian Jaya) Indonesia. Petrol. Ass. Proc. 3rd. Ann. Conv. : 189- 194.
Fursich , F. T. 1977. Corallian (Upper Jurassic) marine benthic associations from England and Normandy. Paleontology 20: 337- 385.
Fursich, F. T. 1982. Upper Jurassic bivalves from Milneland, East Greenland. Grondlands Geologiske Undersogelse Bull. 14: 126p.
Gruber, B. 1976. Neue Ergebnisse auf dem Gebiete der ekologie, Stratigraphie, und Phylogenie der halobien (Bivalvia). Mitt. Geol. Ges. Bergbaustudenten Osterr., 23: 181- 198.
Gruber, B. 1984. Bemerkungen zur Morphologie und Ö kologie von Otapiria marshalli alpine Zapfe aus den Zlambachmergeln (Obertrias) von Osterreich. Mitt. Geol. Ges.Bergbaustudenten Osterr. 29: 207- 216.
Hasibuan, F. 1981. Laporan Pendahuluan Penelitian Geologi/ Paleontologi di P. Misool, Irian Jaya. Laporan Teknis, tidak diterbitkan.
Hasibuan, F. 1985. Struktur “Hummocky Cross Stratification†(HCS) di Kepulauan Misool, Irian Jaya. Geosurv. Newsl. Indon. 17(16).
Hasibuan, F., 1986. Mesozoic biostratigraphy of Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. Misc. Publ. N.Z. Geol. Soc. 35A, 60.
Hasibuan, F. 1987. The Triassic worm-tube Terebellina mackayi Bather from Indonesia. Geol. Soc. N. Z. Misc. Publ. 37A.
Hasibuan, F, 1990. Mesozoic stratigraphy and paleontology of Misool Archipelago, Indonesia. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Auckland, New Zealand, 1- 384, tidak diterbitkan.
Hasibuan, F, and P. Janvier, 1991. Lepidotes sp. (Actinopterygii, Halleostomi) a fossil from the Lower Jurassic of Misool Island, Indonesia. Bull. GRDC 5.
Hasibuan, F., 2004. Buchiidae (Bivalvia) Jura Akhir sampai Kapur Awal dari Kepulauan Misool dan korelasi regionalnya. Journal of Geological Resources XIV (2): 51-60.
Hasibuan, F., 2007. Annelid Terebellina mackayi (Bather) from Middle Triassic Keskain Formation, Misool Archipelago. Journal of Geological Resources XVII (2).
Hasibuan, F. & Grant-Mackie, J.A., 2007. Triassic and Jurassic Gastropods from the Misool Archipelago, Eastern Indonesia. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geologi XVII (4): 257-272.
Hasibuan, F., 2008. Pre-Tertiary biostratigraphy of Indonesia. Proc. Internat. Symp. Geoscie. Resource. Environment of Asian Terranes (GREAT 2008), 4th IGCP516, and APSEG, Bangkok.
Hasibuan, F., 2009. Biostratigrafi dan Biota Jura Kepulauan Misool, Indonesia dan korelasi regional dan globalnya. Jurnal Sumber Daya Geologi XIX(3): 191-207.
Hasibuan, F., 2010a. The Triassic Marine Biota of Eastern Indonesia and its Interregional and Global Correlation: A Review. Jurn. Geol. Indon. 5(12):31-47.
Hasibuan, F. 2010b. Cretaceous Inoceramidae from Fafanlap Formation, Misool Archipelago. In prep. (IGCP 507, Jogjakarta, Indonesia)
Hayami, I. 1972. Lower Jurassic Bivalvia from the environs of Saigon. Geol Paleont. SE Asia 10: 179- 230.
Helby, R. dan Hasibuan, F.. 1988. A Jurassic Dinoflagellate Squence from Misool, Indonesia. 7 Internat. Palynol. Congr.Mem. 6.
Hollingworth, N.T.J dan Wignall, P.B.. 1992. The Callovian- Oxfordian boundary in Oxfordshire and Wiltshire based on two new temporary sections. Proc. Geol. Assoc. 103: 15- 30.
Imlay, R. W. 1959. Succession and speciation of the Pelecypod Aucella. U.S.G.S. Prof. Pap. 274- D.
Jefferies, R.P.S. dan Minton, P.. 1965. The mode of life of two Jurassic species of “Posidoniaâ€. Paleontology 8: 156- 185.
Jeletzky, J.A. 1963. Malayomaorica gen. nov. (Family Aviculopectinidae) from the Indo- Pacific Upper Jurassic, with comments an related forms. Paleontology 6, part 1: 148- 160.
Kauffman, E.G. 1978. Benthic environtments and paleoecology of the Posidonienschiefer (Toarcian). N. Jb. Geol. Paläont.Abh., 157: 18- 36.
Kauffman, E.G. 1981. Ecological reappraisal of the German Posidonienschiefer (Toarcian) and the stagnant basin model. In : Communities of the Past. (eds. J. Gray, A.J. Boucot dan W.B.N Berry) Hutchison and Ross, Stroudburg: 311- 381.
Kristan-Tollmann, E. & F. Hasibuan,1990. Ostracoden aus der Obertrias von Misool (Indonesien). Mitt. Osterr. Geol. Ges. 82: 173-181.
Krumbeck, L. 1934.Die Aucellen des Malms von Misool. N. Jb. Geol. Palaont. Beil 71: 422- 467.
Kureshy, A.A. 1983. Pakistan. In: The Phanerozoic geology of the world, II, the Mesozoic, B, M. Moullade & A.E.M. Nairn, eds, Elsevier Science Publisher, Amsterdam: 353- 374.
Li Xiaochi. 1986. Middle and Late Jurassic sedimentary environments of Nyalam district in southern Xizang in the light of a new discovery of bivalve fauna (in Chinese). Acta Paleontologica Sinica 25 (4): 474- 482.
Li Xiaochi dan Grant- Mackie, J. A.. 1988. Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Buchia (Bivalvia) from southern Tibet, and some wider considerations. Acheringa 12: 249- 268.
MacLeod, K. G. dan Hoppe, K.A.. 1992. Evidence that inoceramid bivalves were benthic and harbored chemosynthethic symbionts. Geology 20: 117- 120.
Marks, P. 1957. Stratigraphic Lexicon of Indonesia and Atlas. Publikasi Keilmuan 31 dan 31a, Ser. Geol. Pusat Djawatan Geologi Bandung.
Martin, K. 1907. Mesozoiches Land und Meer im Indischen Archipel. N. Jb. Min. Geol. Palaeont. Beil. 1: 107- 130.
Meesook, A dan Grant Mackie, J.A.. 1997. Faunal associations, paleoecology and paleoenvironments of the Thai marine Jurassic: a preliminary study. Int. Conf. Strat. Tect. Evol. Of SE Asia and S. Pacific: 164- 176.
Norvick, M.S., 1979. The tectonic history of the Banda Arcs, eastern Indoneisa; a review. J. Geol. Soc. London 136: 519-527.
Pigram, C.J., Challinor, A.B., Hasibuan, F., Rusmana, E. dan Hartono, U.. 1982a. Geological results of the 1981 expedition to the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 6: 18- 29.
Pigram, C.J., Challinor, A.B., Hasibuan, F., Rusmana, E. dan Hartono, U.. 1982b. Lithostratigraphy of the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya. Geol. Mijnb. 61: 265- 279.
Pigram, C.J., Challinor, A.B., Hasibuan, F., Rusmana, E.dan Hartono, U.. 1981. Lithostratigraphy of the Misool Archipelago, Irian Jaya, Indonesia. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Report, unpubl.
Pigram, C.J. dan Panggabean, H.. 1984. Rifting of the Northern Margin of the Australian Continent and the origin of some microcontinents in eastern Indonesia. Tectonophys. 107: 331- 353.
Pigram, C.J. 1986. Western Irian Jaya: the end – product of oblique plate convergence in the late Tertiary- Discussion. Tectonophys. 121: 345- 347.
Rusmana, E., Hartono, U., dan Pigram, C.J.. 1982. Geological Map of the Misool Quadrangle, Irian Jaya. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre, Indonesia.
Rutten, L.M.R. 1927. De noordelijke molukken en de Radja- Ampat- Group. In Voordrachten over de Geologie van Nederlandsch Oost- Indi : 761- 781.
Sato, T. 1975. Marine Jurassic formations and faunas in Southeast Asia and New Guinea. Geol. Pal. S. E. Asia 15: 151- 189.
Sellwood, B.W. 1972. Regional environmental changes across a Lower Jurassic stage- boundary in Britain. Paleontology 15: 125- 157.
Sellwood, B.W. 1978. Jurassic communities. In: The Ecology of Fossuls. (ed. W.S. McKerrow). Duckworth, London: 204- 279.
Simbolon, B., Martodjojo, S., dan Gunawan, R.. 1984. Geology and Hydrocarbon Prospects of the Pre Tertiary System of Misool Area. Proc. 13th Ann. Conv. Indon. Petrol. Assoc. 1(13): 317- 340.
Skwarko, S.K. 1981. History of Geological Investigation of Misool Archipelago, Moluccas, Indonesia. Publ. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre Indonesia, Pal. Ser. 2: 53- 66.
Soergel, W. 1913. Lias und Dogger von Jefbie und Fialpopo (Misool Archipel.) N. Jb. Miner. Geol. Palaont. 36: 586- 650.
Soergel, W. 1915. Unterer Dogger von Jefbie (Misool archipel). Ein Nachtrag zur Stratigraphc und Biologie. Z. Deutsch. Geol. Ges. 67: 99- 109.
Speden, I.G. 1967. Revision of Syncyclonema (Upper Cretaceous) and comparison with other small pectinid bivalves and Entolium. Postilla, Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. Yale Univ. 125: 1-269.
Stanley, S.M. 1972. Functional morphology and evolution of byssally attached bivalve mollusks. J. Paleont. 46: 165- 212.
Stevens, G.R. 1963. The systematic status of Oppel's specimens of Belemnopsis gerardi. Paleont. 6(4): 690- 698.
Stevens, G.R. 1965a. The Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites of New Zealand and review of the Jurassic and Cretaceous belemnites of the Indo- Pacific region. Geol. Surv. N. Z. Palaeont. Bull. 36: 1- 283.
Stevens, G.R. 1965b. The belemnite genera Dicoelites Boehm and Prodicoelites Stolley. Paleont. 7: 606- 620.
Stevens, G.R., 1989. The nature and timing of biotic links between New Zealand and Antartica in Mesozoic and early Cenozoic times. In Origin and Evolution of the Antarctic Biota. (ed. Crame, J.A.) Geol. Soc. Spec. Publ. 47: 141-166.
Stolley, E. 1929. Uber ostindische Jura- Belemniten. Pal. V. Timor. 16: 91- 213.
Stolley, E. 1934. Zur Kenntnis des Jura und der Unterkreide von Misol. 1. Stratigraphischer Teil. N. Jb. Min. Geol. Palaeont. Beil. 71B: 470- 485.
Surlyk, F. 1973. The Jurassic- Cretaceous boundary in Jameson Land, East Greenland. In The Boreal Lower Cretaceous, (R. Casey & P. F. Rawson, eds,) Geological Journal Special Issue 5: 81- 100.
Teichert, C. 1940. Marine Jurassic of East Indian Affinities at Broome, Northwestern Australia. J. Roy. Soc. W. Aust. 26: 103- 118.
Tjokrosapoetro, S. dan T. Budhitrisna. 1982. Geology and tectonics of the Northern Banda Arc. Bull. Geol. Res. Dev. Centre 6: 1- 17.
Uhlig, V. 1910. Die Fauna der Spiti- Schiefer des Himalaya, ihr geologisches Alter und ihre Weltstellung. Acad. Wiss. Wien. Math.- Natuurwiss. Kl. Denkschr. Band 85: 531- 609.
Umbgrove, J.H.F. 1938. The Geology of the Dutch East Indies. Bull. Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. 22: 1- 70.
Umbgrove, J.H.F. 1935. De Pretertiaire Historie van den Indischen Archipel. Leidsche. Geol. Meded.: 119- 155.
Umbgrove, J.H.F. and Weber, F., 1935. De Pretertiairre Historie van den Indischen Archipel. Leidsche. Geol. Meded.: 119-155.
Verbeek, R.D.M. 1900. Voorloping verslag over eene geologische door het oostelijk gedeelte van den Indischen Archipel in 1899. Landsdrukkerij, Batavia 3- 48.
Verbeek, R.D.M. 1908. Molukken Verslag. In: Penecke and Boehm Jb. Mijnw. Oost- Ind. 37: 660- 665.
Vogler, J. 1941. Ober- Jura und Kreide von Misol (Niederländisch- Oost- Indien). Paläontogr. Suppl. 4 (4): 246- 293.
Wandel, G. 1936. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Jurassichen Molluskenfauna von Misol, Ost Celebes, Buton, Seram und Jamdena. N. Jb. Miner. Geol. Paläont. 7: 447- 523.
Wanner, J. 1910a. Einige geolische Ergebnisse einer im Jahre 1909 ausgefhrten Reise durch den östlichen Teil des indoaustralischen Archipels. Centralbl. Miner. Geol. Palaont. 22: 137- 140.
Wanner, J. 1910b. Beiträge zur geologischen Kenntnis der Insel Misol (Niederlandisch- Ost- Indien). Nederl. Aardrijksk. Gen. Tijdschr. 27: 469- 500.
Wanner, J. 1931. Mesozoikum. Leid. Geol. Meded. 5: 567- 609.
Westermann, G.E.G. dan Wang, Yi-Gang, 1988. Middle Jurassic ammonite of Tibet and the age of the Lower Spiti Shale. Paleont. 31(2): 295-339.
Westermann, G.E.G. 1989. New developments in ecology of Jurassic- Cretaceous ammonoids. Proc. II Symposium, 1987. (Tecnostampa, Ostra vetere, An. Italy, 1- 21.
Wignall, P.B. dan Simms, M.J.. 1990. Pseudoplankton. Palaeontology 33: 359- 378.
Zwierzycki, J. 1925. Overzicht der Trias-formatie in Nederlandsch Indie. Verh. Geol. Mijn. Gen. Ned. Kol. Geol. Ser. 8: 633- 648.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish articles in Jurnal Geologi dan Sumberdaya Mineral (JGSM.Geologi) agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright of the article and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a CC-BY-NC or The Creative Commons Attribution–ShareAlike License.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access)
