Sejarah dan Proyeksi Masa Depan Pemanfaatan Nikel Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33332/jgsm.geologi.v26i3.975Abstract
Nikel adalah salah satu sumber daya
mineral unggulan Indonesia dan merupakan logam
yang berperan strategis dalam industri global. Studi
ini bertujuan untuk membahas sejarah, kondisi
terkini, serta proyeksi masa depan industri nikel di
Indonesia. Terdapat dua tipe endapan nikel, yaitu
sulfida dan laterit. Nikel di Indonesia didominasi oleh
tipe laterit yang tersebar luas di Sulawesi, Halmahera,
dan Papua. Eksplorasi nikel di bumi Nusantara telah
dimulai sejak tahun 1901. Oost Borneo Maatschappij
dan Bone Tole Maatschappij adalah perusahaan yang
melakukan eksplorasi nikel ketika masa kolonial.
Pasca kemerdekaan, PT INCO dan PT Aneka Tambang
berperan penting dalam eksploitasi logam tersebut.
Kebutuhan global untuk industri baja tahan karat
dan baterai kendaraan listrik mendorong peningkatan
produksi nikel Indonesia sejak tahun 2017. Pemerintah
telah menerapkan kebijakan hilirisasi dan larangan
ekspor bahan mentah untuk meningkatkan nilai
tambah industri nikel domestik. Dengan cadangan
nikel terbesar secara global, Indonesia berpeluang
untuk menjadi pemain kunci industri nikel pada
masa mendatang. Indonesia perlu mengoptimalkan
pemanfaatan metal companions sambil terus
mengontrol kemungkinan pencemaran lingkungan
akibat industri pertambangan dan pengolahan nikel.
Sinergi antara pemerintah, pelaku industri, dan
masyarakat menjadi kunci keberhasilan pemanfaatan
nikel Indonesia.
Kata Kunci: Nikel, Indonesia, laterit, metal
companions, hilirisasi
Abstact
Nickel is one of Indonesia’s leading
mineral resources and plays a strategic role in the
global industry. This study aims to discuss the history,
current conditions, and future projections of the nickel
industry in Indonesia. There are two types of nickel
deposits: sulfide and laterite. Indonesia’s nickel is
predominantly of the laterite type, which is widely
distributed in Sulawesi, Halmahera, and Papua. Nickel
exploration in the archipelago began in 1901. Oost
Borneo Maatschappij and Bone Tole Maatschappij
were companies conducting nickel exploration during
the colonial era. After independence, PT INCO and
PT Aneka Tambang played significant roles in the
exploitation of the metal. The global demand for the
stainless steel and electric vehicle battery industries
has driven Indonesia’s nickel production growth since
2017. The government has implemented downstream
processing policies and export bans on raw materials
to increase the added value of the domestic nickel
industry. With the world’s largest nickel reserves,
Indonesia has the potential to become a key player
in the nickel industry in the future. Indonesia needs
to optimize the utilization of metal companions while
continuously controlling the potential environmental
pollution caused by nickel mining and processing
industries. Synergy between the government, industry
players, and the public is essential for the successful
utilization of Indonesia’s nickel.
Keywords: Nickel, Indonesia, laterite, metal
companions, downstream
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Copyright (c) 2025 Ronaldo Irzon, Heri Hermiyanto, Ollybinar Rizkika, Alles Sandra Tardeli

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